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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Drizzle vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDrizzle  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Drizzle has published its last release in September 2012. The open-source project is discontinued and Drizzle is excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMySQL fork with a pluggable micro-kernel and with an emphasis of performance over compatibility.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDrizzle project, originally started by Brian AkerGoogleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2013200820172019
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.2.4, September 20121.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU GPLcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
hostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C++
Java
PHP
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonono
Triggersnono infohooks for callbacks inside the server can be used.nono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosPluggable authentication mechanisms infoe.g. LDAP, HTTPAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDrizzleGoogle Cloud SpannerXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
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