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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dolt vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dolt vs. Elasticsearch vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDolt  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA MySQL compatible DBMS with Git-like versioning of data and schemaA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app development
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#191  Overall
#89  Relational DBMS
Score132.83
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score5.52
Rank#59  Overall
#6  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­dolthub/­dolt
www.dolthub.com
www.elastic.co/­elasticsearchcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­search
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.dolthub.comwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­search
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDoltHub IncElasticGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20132018201020172015
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.6, January 2023V1
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++GoJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesSQL-like query languageyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
CLI Client
HTTP REST
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infocurrently in alpha releaseyesnono
Triggersnoyesyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorA database can be cloned to multiple locations and be used there in isolation. Data/schema changes can be pushed/pulled explicitly between locations.yesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoES-Hadoop Connectoryes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID infoStrict serializable isolationno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosOnly one user is configurable, and must be specified in the config file at startupAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes infousing Azure authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDoltElasticsearchGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure AI Search
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