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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. SAP IQ

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. SAP IQ

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQ  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn-oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#152  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.64
Rank#108  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgdgraph.iocloud.google.com/­spannerwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-iq-big-data-management.html
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldgraph.io/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_IQ
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.GoogleSAP, formerly Sybase
Initial release2013201620171994
Current release4.1.0, June 202216.1 SPS04, April 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Go
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoyes
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesShardingshared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.SAP/Sybase Replication Server
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud DataflowHadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDgraphGoogle Cloud SpannerSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQ
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