DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Realm vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Realm vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Enterprise-class SQL-on-Hadoop solution, powered by Apache Trafodion

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.25
Rank	#312	Overall
	#138	Relational DBMS

Score	7.41
Rank	#52	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Website

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

dgraph.io/docs

realm.io/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Esgyn

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

8Kdata

Initial release

2013

2016

2015

2014

2016

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C++, Java

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Java Stored Procedures

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

Triggers

yes

Change Listeners

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication between multi datacenters

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Impala becomes Top-Level Project
28 November 2017, SDTimes.com

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28 November 2017, Datanami

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Hudi: Uber Engineering’s Incremental Processing Framework on Apache Hadoop
12 March 2017, Uber

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27 October 2017, KDnuggets

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1 September 2020, AWS Blog

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26 May 2021, Business Wire

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31 July 2019, VentureBeat

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19 December 2017, TechCrunch

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