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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Datomic vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. H2 vs. HyperSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score13.64
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.h2database.comhsqldb.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.datomic.comfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014Thomas Mueller
Initial release20132012201220052001
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.0.6735, June 20232.2.220, July 20232.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infolimited edition freecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)Open Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java, ClojureJavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMhostedAll OS with a Java VMAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCClojure
Java
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
JavaAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoTransaction Functionslimited functionality with using 'rules'Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsJava, SQL
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsCallbacks are triggered when data changesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databasenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDyesACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosnoyes, based on authentication and database rulesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaDatomicFirebase Realtime DatabaseH2HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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