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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CrateDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDistributed Database based on LuceneA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#227  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcratedb.comcloud.google.com/­spannerquestdb.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcratedb.com/­docscloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCrateGoogleQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release2013201320172014
Current release4.1.0, June 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxAll Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supporthostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilityyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions (Javascript)nono
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaCrateDBGoogle Cloud SpannerQuestDB
Specific characteristicsThe enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more
Competitive advantagesResponse time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more
Typical application scenarios​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more
Key customersAcross all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricsThe CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsSee CrateDB pricing >
» more
Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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More resources
Apache ImpalaCrateDBGoogle Cloud SpannerQuestDB
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