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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Coveo vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Coveo vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCoveo  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAI-powered hosted search, recommendation and personalization platform providing tools for both low-code and full-code developmentA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#116  Overall
#11  Search engines
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.coveo.comcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.coveo.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCoveoGoogleStardog-Union
Initial release2013201220172010
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyeshybrid - fields need to be configured prior to indexing, but relationships can be exploited at query time without pre-configurationyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
JavaScript
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosgranular access controls, API key management, content filtersAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCoveoGoogle Cloud SpannerStardog
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