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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Netezza vs. Yaacomo

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Netezza vs. Yaacomo

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBM  Xexclude from comparisonYaacomo  Xexclude from comparison
Yaacomo seems to be discontinued and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformData warehouse and analytics appliance part of IBM PureSystemsOpenCL based in-memory RDBMS, designed for efficiently utilizing the hardware via parallel computing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score9.06
Rank#46  Overall
#29  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.ibm.com/­products/­netezzayaacomo.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCockroach LabsMicrosoftIBMQ2WEB GmbH
Initial release20132015201920002009
Current release4.1.0, June 202223.1.1, May 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availablecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Go
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedLinux infoincluded in applianceAndroid
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesdynamic schemaFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Fortran
Java
Lua
Perl
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardinghorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCockroachDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNetezza infoAlso called PureData System for Analytics by IBMYaacomo
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