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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. CockroachDB vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Spatial extension of H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasets
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedWide column store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score5.73
Rank#58  Overall
#34  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#368  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.cockroachlabs.comwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tables
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docswww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCockroach LabsCNRSMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132015201320192012
Current release4.1.0, June 202224.1.0, May 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoLGPL 3.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hostedhosted
Data schemeyesdynamic schemayesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infobased on H2Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using RAFTyes infobased on H2yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnooptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access controlyes infobased on H2Azure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signatures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCockroachDBH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure Table Storage
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