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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score0.13
Rank#345  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablestinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release20132010201620122009
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnono
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APITinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Transact SQLnono
Triggersnoyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDoptimistic lockingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTinkerGraph
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