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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sequoiadb vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Sequoiadb vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#261  Overall
#41  Document stores
#122  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#327  Overall
#145  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.sequoiadb.comwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftSequoiadb Ltd.Paradigma Software
Initial release20132010201920131999
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018cloud service with continuous releases5.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
proprietary protocol using JSONODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJavaScriptyes
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoDocument is locked during a transaction
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationsimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSequoiadbValentina Server
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