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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. NuoDB vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. HyperSQL vs. NuoDB vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#93  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhsqldb.orgwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaserethinkdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldoc.nuodb.comrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.The Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20132010200120132009
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20182.7.2, June 20232.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Java, SQLJava, SQL
TriggersnoyesyesyesClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnonedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID infotunable commit protocolAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoTemporary tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBNuoDBRethinkDB
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