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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. GeoSpock vs. Pinecone

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. GeoSpock vs. Pinecone

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGeoSpock  Xexclude from comparisonPinecone  Xexclude from comparison
GeoSpock seems to be discontinued. Therefore it will be excluded from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLSpatial and temporal data processing engine for extreme data scaleA managed, cloud-native vector database
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument storeTime Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score3.23
Rank#92  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgeospock.comwww.pinecone.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.pinecone.io/­docs/­overview
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGeoSpockPinecone Systems, Inc
Initial release201320102019
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20182.0, September 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJava, Javascript
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesString, Number, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyestemporal, categorical
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsANSI SQL for query only (using Presto)no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCRESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per table

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusGeoSpockPinecone
DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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