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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Dgraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.io
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaDgraph Labs, Inc.
Initial release201320102016
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CGo
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releases

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusDgraph
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