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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Datomic vs. Qdrant

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Citus vs. Datomic vs. Qdrant

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSVector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.55
Rank#144  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score1.53
Rank#145  Overall
#7  Vector DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.datomic.comgithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.citusdata.comdocs.datomic.comqdrant.tech/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCognitectQdrant
Initial release2013201020122021
Current release4.1.0, June 20228.1, December 20181.0.7180, July 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CJava, ClojureRust
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxAll OS with a Java VMDocker
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP APIgRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Clojure
Java
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoTransaction Functions
TriggersnoyesBy using transaction functions
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersCollection-level replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency, tunable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoKey-based authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaCitusDatomicQdrant
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