DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Dgraph vs. EsgynDB vs. Lovefield

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Enterprise-class SQL-on-Hadoop solution, powered by Apache Trafodion

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.16
Rank	#329	Overall
	#146	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Website

google.github.io/lovefield

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

dgraph.io/docs

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Esgyn

Google

Initial release

2013

2018

2016

2015

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

1.1.0, April 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++, Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
Native API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Using read-only observers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

yes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication between multi datacenters

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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