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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Spark SQL vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgspark.apache.org/­sqlwww.stardog.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.comvitess.io
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmldocs.stardog.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosovitess.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software FoundationStardog-UnionOpenLink SoftwareThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20122014201019982013
Current release29.0.1, April 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 202315.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaScalaJavaCGo
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoVirtuoso PLyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedyes, utilizing Spark CorenoneyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationships in graphsyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAccess rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Users with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidSpark SQLStardogVirtuosoVitess
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache DruidSpark SQLStardogVirtuosoVitess
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