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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Qdrant vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Qdrant vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matchingA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedVector DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.16
Rank#175  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerqdrant.tech/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftQdrant8Kdata
Initial release2012201920212016
Current release29.0.1, April 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaRustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedDocker
Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Booleanyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Collection-level replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency, tunable consistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAzure Active Directory AuthenticationKey-based authenticationAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DruidMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerQdrantToroDB
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