DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Lovefield vs. Qdrant vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Lovefield vs. Qdrant vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

druid.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

qdrant.tech/documentation

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Google

Qdrant

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2012

2014

2021

2004

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

Rust

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

none

Collection-level replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Key-based authentication

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