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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Hive vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Hive vs. Kinetica vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonKinetica  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality datadata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopFully vectorized database across both GPUs and CPUsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score0.64
Rank#236  Overall
#109  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitedruid.apache.orghive.apache.orgwww.kinetica.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.kinetica.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookKineticaMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20122012201220192004
Current release29.0.1, April 20243.1.3, April 20227.1, August 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC, C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
PHP
Python
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnonoyes infotriggers when inserted values for one or more columns fall within a specified rangeyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoGPU vRAM or System RAMno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAccess rights for users and roles on table levelAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache DruidHiveKineticaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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