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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Hive vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Hive vs. InfluxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonInfluxDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality datadata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopDBMS for storing time series, events and metricsFully managed big data interactive analytics platformVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith GEO packageDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score59.76
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score24.39
Rank#28  Overall
#1  Time Series DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitedruid.apache.orghive.apache.orgwww.influxdata.com/­products/­influxdb-overviewazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.influxdata.com/­influxdbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookMicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20122012201320191998
Current release29.0.1, April 20243.1.3, April 20222.7.6, April 2024cloud service with continuous releases7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT-License; commercial enterprise version availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaGoC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X infothrough Homebrew
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesNumeric data and Stringsyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
HTTP API
JSON over UDP
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingSharding infoin enterprise version onlySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor infoin enterprise version onlyyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoDepending on used storage enginenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and rolessimple rights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory AuthenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidHiveInfluxDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsInfluxData is the creator of InfluxDB , the open source time series database. It...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesTime to Value InfluxDB is available in all the popular languages and frameworks,...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT & Sensor Monitoring Developers are witnessing the instrumentation of every available...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersInfluxData has more than 1,900 paying customers, including customers include MuleSoft,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsFastest-growing database to drive 27,500 GitHub stars Over 750,000 daily active instances
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source core with closed source clustering available either on-premise or on...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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