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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Common in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.29
Rank#95  Overall
#49  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score127.49
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#396  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsThomas MuellerIBMMicrosoftMireo
Initial release201220051983 infohost version20192020
Current release29.0.1, April 20242.2.220, July 202312.1, October 2016cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree version is availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedLinux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
JavaC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
Apache DruidH2IBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTime
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