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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. VelocityDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score13.60
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#40  Graph DBMS
#21  Object oriented DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorervelocitydb.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorervelocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftVelocityDB Inc
Initial release2012201220192011
Current release30.0.0, June 2024cloud service with continuous releases7.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC#
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
hostedhostedAny that supports .NET
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnolimited functionality with using 'rules'Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory AuthenticationBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
Apache DruidFirebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerVelocityDB
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