DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Lovefield vs. RDFox vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. Lovefield vs. RDFox vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

A distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene

Elasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metric

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	132.83
Rank	#7	Overall
	#1	Search engines

Score	0.33
Rank	#286	Overall
	#131	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#300	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

druid.apache.org

www.elastic.co/elasticsearch

google.github.io/lovefield

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/index.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Elastic

Google

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2012

2010

2014

2017

2014

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

8.6, January 2023

2.1.12, February 2017

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Elastic License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

JavaScript

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

All OS with a Java VM

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
macOS
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

RDF schemas

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

JavaScript

C
Java

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

Using read-only observers

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

none

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

none

replication via a shared file system

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

ES-Hadoop Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Memcached and Redis integration

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Roles, resources, and access types

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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