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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. FeatureBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Elasticsearch vs. FeatureBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonElasticsearch  Xexclude from comparisonFeatureBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataA distributed, RESTful modern search and analytics engine based on Apache Lucene infoElasticsearch lets you perform and combine many types of searches such as structured, unstructured, geo, and metricReal-time database platform that powers real-time analytics and machine learning applications by simultaneously executing low-latency, high-throughput, and highly concurrent workloads.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Search engineRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score135.35
Rank#7  Overall
#1  Search engines
Score0.22
Rank#309  Overall
#139  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.elastic.co/­elasticsearchwww.featurebase.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetime
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.elastic.co/­guide/­en/­elasticsearch/­reference/­current/­index.htmldocs.featurebase.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsElasticMolecula and Pilosa Open Source ContributorsMicrosoftMireo
Initial release20122010201720192020
Current release29.0.1, April 20248.6, January 20232022, May 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoElastic Licensecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaGoC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
All OS with a Java VMLinux
macOS
hostedLinux
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedschema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistentyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexednoall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like query languageSQL queriesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Groovy
Community Contributed Clients
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyes infoby using the 'percolation' featurenoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesyesyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoES-Hadoop ConnectorSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, allEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, using Linux fsyncyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noMemcached and Redis integrationyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes

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More resources
Apache DruidElasticsearchFeatureBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTime
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