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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Riak TS vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Riak TS vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRiak TS  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRiak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KVEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.20
Rank#319  Overall
#27  Time Series DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitedruid.apache.orgduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.tiot.jp/­riak-docs/­riak/­ts/­latestdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsMicrosoftOpen Source, formerly Basho TechnologiesStardog-Union
Initial release20122018201920152010
Current release29.0.1, April 20240.10, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases3.0.0, September 20227.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoMIT LicensecommercialOpen Sourcecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++ErlangJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
server-lesshostedLinux
OS X
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedrestrictedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes, limitedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C infounofficial client library
C#
C++ infounofficial client library
Clojure infounofficial client library
Dart infounofficial client library
Erlang
Go infounofficial client library
Groovy infounofficial client library
Haskell infounofficial client library
Java
JavaScript infounofficial client library
Lisp infounofficial client library
Perl infounofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala infounofficial client library
Smalltalk infounofficial client library
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RErlanguser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infopre-commit hooks and post-commit hooksyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basednoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.selectable replication factorMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono infolinks between datasets can be storedyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoAccess rights for users and roles

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Apache DruidDuckDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRiak TSStardog
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