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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Citus vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.85
Rank#96  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
#6  Time Series DBMS
Score2.13
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designdocs.citusdata.comgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsOntotextMicrosoft
Initial release2012201020002016
Current release30.0.0, June 20248.1, December 201810.4, October 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoConstraint checkingno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.yes
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DruidCitusGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
News

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Apache DruidCitusGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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