DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. GBase vs. H2 vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Widely used RDBMS in China, including analytical, transactional, distributed transactional, and cloud-native data warehousing.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.07
Rank	#185	Overall
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

General Data Technology Co., Ltd.

Thomas Mueller

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2012

2013

2004

2005

2019

Current release

29.0.1, April 2024

4.1.0, June 2022

GBase 8a, GBase 8s, GBase 8c

2.2.220, July 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

C, Java, Python

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL for querying

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
C API
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

user defined functions

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

selectable replication factor

yes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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