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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. DuckDB vs. EXASOL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgduckdb.orgwww.exasol.com
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlduckdb.org/­docswww.exasol.com/­resources
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaExasol
Initial release2012201320182000
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 20221.0.0, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Linuxserver-less
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
Lua
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factornone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infoHadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache DruidApache ImpalaDuckDBEXASOL
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