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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. Machbase Neo vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. Machbase Neo vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonMachbase Neo infoFormer name was Infiniflux  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackTimeSeries DBMS for AIoT and BigDataFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#172  Overall
#79  Relational DBMS
Score0.12
Rank#339  Overall
#30  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgkylin.apache.orgmachbase.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlkylin.apache.org/­docsmachbase.com/­dbmsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncMachbaseMicrosoft
Initial release20122013201520132019
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 20223.1.0, July 2020V8.0, August 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infofree test version availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)SQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP infovia ODBC
Python
R infovia ODBC
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factorselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesnoyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infovolatile and lookup tableno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberossimple password-based access controlAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache DruidApache ImpalaApache KylinMachbase Neo infoFormer name was InfinifluxMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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