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DBMS > Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Druid vs. Apache Impala vs. Apache Kylin vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Kylin  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA distributed analytics engine for big data, providing a SQL interface and multi-dimensional analysis (OLAP) and leveraging the Hadoop stackCloud-based data warehousing serviceFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.25
Rank#90  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.25
Rank#170  Overall
#77  Relational DBMS
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websitedruid.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgkylin.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehouseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlkylin.apache.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation and contributorsApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation, originally contributed from eBay IncIBMMicrosoft
Initial release20122013201520142019
Current release29.0.1, April 20244.1.0, June 20223.1.0, July 2020cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
LinuxLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL for queryingSQL-like DML and DDL statementsANSI SQL for queries (using Apache Calcite)yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesClojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducePL/SQL, SQL PLYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesselectable replication factoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache DruidApache ImpalaApache KylinIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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