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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Ingres vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageWell established RDBMSEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptFully managed big data interactive analytics platformRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerrdf4j.org
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software FoundationActian CorporationGoogleMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20121974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201420192004
Current release1.20.3, January 202311.2, May 20222.1.12, February 2017cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaScriptJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafarihostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC++JavaScript.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
TriggersnoyesUsing read-only observersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenoyes infousing MemoryDBno
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache DrillIngresLovefieldMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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