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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.14
Rank#344  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.stardog.comwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.stardog.comwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
DeveloperApache Software FoundationThomas MuellerMicrosoftStardog-UnionSenX
Initial release20122005201620102015
Current release1.20.3, January 20232.2.220, July 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC++JavaC#
Java
PHP
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoWarpScript
Triggersnoyesnoyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesMulti-source replication in HA-Clusterselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and rolesMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

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More resources
Apache DrillH2Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseStardogWarp 10
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