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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Derby vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Derby vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NSDb

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NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score4.60
Rank#70  Overall
#38  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgdb.apache.org/­derbyazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorernsdb.io
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorernsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software FoundationMicrosoft
Initial release2012199720192017
Current release1.20.3, January 202310.17.1.0, November 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJava, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBCMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languagesC++Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsJava Stored ProceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourceyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache DrillDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNSDb
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