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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Rdb

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Rdb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.html
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.citusdata.comdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
Initial release2012201020161984
Current release1.20.3, January 20238.1, December 20187.4.1.1, 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxhostedHP Open VMS
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.Transact SQL
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDyes, on a single node
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Apache DrillCitusMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Rdb
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