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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLWell established RDBMSElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.95
Rank#127  Overall
#23  Document stores
#60  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsdocs.citusdata.comdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software FoundationActian CorporationMicrosoft
Initial release201220101974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2016
Current release1.20.3, January 20238.1, December 201811.2, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityno infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsIngres Replicatoryes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenono
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourcefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes

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More resources
Apache DrillCitusIngresMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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