DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.95
Rank	#127	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Website

drill.apache.org

www.citusdata.com

dgraph.io

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

drill.apache.org/docs

docs.citusdata.com

dgraph.io/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

8Kdata

Initial release

2012

2010

2016

Current release

1.20.3, January 2023

8.1, December 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Supported programming languages

C++

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

none

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

User concepts

Access control

Depending on the underlying data source

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Planned for future releases

Access rights for users and roles

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