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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.94
Rank#197  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docsimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release20122013201920132016
Current release1.20.3, January 20234.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linuxhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersnonoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenonoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative UsersAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache DrillApache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBToroDB
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