DBMS > Apache Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Derby vs. DuckDB vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app development

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Search engine

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.04
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	7.44
Rank	#44	Overall
	#27	Relational DBMS

Score	5.28
Rank	#61	Overall
	#7	Search engines

Score	1.73
Rank	#130	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

db.apache.org/derby

duckdb.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/search

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

db.apache.org/derby/manuals/index.html

duckdb.org/docs

learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/search

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

Stardog-Union

Initial release

1997

2018

2015

2010

Current release

10.17.1.0, November 2023

1.0.0, June 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

MIT License

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

C#
Java
JavaScript
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

using Azure authentication

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

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Recent citations in the news

Apache Derby Vulnerability Let Attackers Bypass Authentication with LDAP Injection
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JDBC tutorial: Easy installation and setup with Apache Derby
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