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DBMS > AnzoGraph DB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison AnzoGraph DB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAnzoGraph DB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionScalable graph database built for online analytics and data harmonization with MPP scaling, high-performance analytical algorithms and reasoning, and virtualizationA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.29
Rank#303  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.07
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitecambridgesemantics.com/­anzographcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.stardog.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.comvitess.io
Technical documentationdocs.cambridgesemantics.com/­anzograph/­userdoc/­home.htmcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.stardog.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosovitess.io/­docs
DeveloperCambridge SemanticsGoogleStardog-UnionOpenLink SoftwareThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release20182017201019982013
Current release2.3, January 20217.3.0, May 20207.2.11, September 202315.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree trial version availablecommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaCGo
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeSchema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSPARQL and SPARQL* as primary query language. Cypher preview.yes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsApache Mule
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka
OData access for BI tools
OpenCypher
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Java
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions and aggregatesnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoVirtuoso PLyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnonoyes infovia event handlersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesAutomatic shardingShardingnoneyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication in MPP-ClusterMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication in HA-ClusterChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsKerberos/HDFS data loadingyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency in MPP-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infonot needed in graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes inforelationships in graphsyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users and rolesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Users with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles
More information provided by the system vendor
AnzoGraph DBGoogle Cloud SpannerStardogVirtuosoVitess
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
AnzoGraph DBGoogle Cloud SpannerStardogVirtuosoVitess
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