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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Tibero vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Stardog vs. Tibero vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparisonVictoriaMetrics  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from OracleA fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Score1.32
Rank#162  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.stardog.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tiberovictoriametrics.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.stardog.comtechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.htmldocs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/­VictoriaMetrics/­VictoriaMetrics/­wiki
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftStardog-UnionTmaxSoftVictoriaMetrics
Initial release20172019201020032018
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases7.3.0, May 20206, April 2015v1.91, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and AssemblerGo
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleyesno
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryesno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)no
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infovia event handlersyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Synchronous replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno infoplanned for next versionno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerStardogTiberoVictoriaMetrics
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