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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. Stardog vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Postgres-XL vs. Stardog vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.49
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.stardog.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationdocs.stardog.comtechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftStardog-UnionTmaxSoft
Initial release201720192014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB20102003
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases10 R1, October 20187.3.0, May 20206, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC and Assembler
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno infoImport/export of XML data possibleyes
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infodistributed, parallel query executionYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningnonehorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infoMVCCACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgres-XLStardogTibero
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