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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenSearch

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OpenSearch

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOpenSearch  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedSearch engine
Vector DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Vector DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.13
Rank#111  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score3.00
Rank#86  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score17.38
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Search engines
#2  Vector DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorergithub.com/­opensearch-project
opensearch.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-exploreropensearch.org/­docs/­latest
DeveloperAmazonMicrosoftThe OpenSearch Software Foundation
Initial release201720192021
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases2.19, February 2025
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT OpenSearch offers OpenSearch in a managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant, for a wide range of applications like analytics, website search, offering scalability and fast data access.
Implementation languageJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VM
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoFlexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby infoElasticsearch client
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes infoby using the 'percolation' feature
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency infoSynchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Azure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOpenSearch
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