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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAnalytic DBMS for HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2017201320162016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQL
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.selectable replication factoryesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneApache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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