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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudCloud-based data warehousing serviceHigh performance Time Series DBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehousekx.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorertypedb.com
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorertypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperAmazonIBMKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftVaticle
Initial release201720142000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320192016
Current release3.6, May 2018cloud service with continuous releases2.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageqJava
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possibleyesyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'all fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like query language (q)Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPL/SQL, SQL PLuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyes infowith viewsyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.yesSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon NeptuneIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBKdbMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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