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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. IBM Db2 warehouse vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TempoIQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Cloud-based data warehousing serviceElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score1.37
Rank#160  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.h2database.comwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2/­warehouseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticstempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonThomas MuellerIBMMicrosoftTempoIQ
Initial release20172005201420162012
Current release2.2.220, July 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMhostedhosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesyesno
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaJava
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsPL/SQL, SQL PLTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyessimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneH2IBM Db2 warehouse infoformerly named IBM dashDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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