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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. H2 vs. HarperDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonHarperDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Ultra-low latency distributed database with an intuitive REST API supporting NoSQL and SQL (including joins). Deployment of functions and databases simultaneously with a consolidated node-level architecture.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL Server
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score8.33
Rank#46  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.60
Rank#244  Overall
#38  Document stores
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunewww.h2database.comwww.harperdb.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analytics
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourceswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.harperdb.io/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperAmazonThomas MuellerHarperDBMicrosoft
Initial release2017200520172016
Current release2.2.220, July 20233.1, August 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercial infofree community edition availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaNode.jsC++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VMLinux
OS X
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeyesdynamic schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesSQL-like data manipulation statementsyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
React Hooks
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java.Net
C
C#
C++
ColdFusion
D
Dart
Delphi
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
MatLab
Objective C
Perl
PHP
PowerShell
Prolog
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Swift
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsCustom Functions infosince release 3.1Transact SQL
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneA table resides as a whole on one (or more) nodes in a clusterSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infothe nodes on which a table resides can be definedyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraints
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDAtomic execution of specific operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes, using LMDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesyes

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneH2HarperDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse
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