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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hive vs. IRONdb vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonIRONdb  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
IRONdb seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopA distributed Time Series DBMS with a focus on scalability, fault tolerance and operational simplicityRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptunecloud.google.com/­spannerhive.apache.orgwww.circonus.com/solutions/time-series-database/rdf4j.org
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcescloud.google.com/­spanner/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.circonus.com/irondb/category/getting-startedrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperAmazonGoogleApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookCirconus LLC.Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release20172017201220172004
Current release3.1.3, April 2022V0.10.20, January 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedAll OS with a Java VMLinuxLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-freeyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infotext, numeric, histogramsyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011SQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (Circonus Analytics Query Language: CAQL)no
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
HTTP APIJava API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes, in Luayes
Triggersnonononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingShardingAutomatic, metric affinity per nodenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factorconfigurable replication factor, datacenter awarenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency per node, eventual consistency across nodes
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationnonoACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access rights for users, groups and rolesnono

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneGoogle Cloud SpannerHiveIRONdbRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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