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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. RDF4J vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRDF storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.29
Rank#113  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.63
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneduckdb.orgrdf4j.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesduckdb.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperAmazonSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release2017201820042014
Current release1.0.0, June 20243.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScala
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyesno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.nonenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nonono

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDuckDBRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameSpark SQL
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