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DBMS > Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Neptune vs. DuckDB vs. H2 vs. InterSystems Caché vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Neptune  Xexclude from comparisonDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonH2  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems Caché  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
Caché is a deprecated database engine which is substituted with InterSystems IRIS. It therefore is removed from the DB-Engines Ranking.ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFast, reliable graph database built for the cloudAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.A multi-model DBMS and application serverA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.20
Rank#119  Overall
#9  Graph DBMS
#5  RDF stores
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score8.13
Rank#49  Overall
#31  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­neptuneduckdb.orgwww.h2database.comwww.intersystems.com/­products/­cachegithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationaws.amazon.com/­neptune/­developer-resourcesduckdb.org/­docswww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.intersystems.com
DeveloperAmazonThomas MuellerInterSystems8Kdata
Initial release20172018200519972016
Current release0.10, February 20242.2.220, July 20232018.1.4, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemshostedserver-lessAll OS with a Java VMAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesdepending on used data modelschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesyesyes
APIs and other access methodsOpenCypher
RDF 1.1 / SPARQL 1.1
TinkerPop Gremlin
Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC#
Go
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
JavaC#
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functionsyes
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-availability zones high availability, asynchronous replication for up to 15 read replicas within a single region. Global database clusters consists of a primary write DB cluster in one region, and up to five secondary read DB clusters in different regions. Each secondary region can have up to 16 reader instances.noneWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith encyption-at-restyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and rolesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Amazon NeptuneDuckDBH2InterSystems CachéToroDB
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